Dentistry is a health care profession that deals with diseases of the oral cavity, mainly teeth and associated structures. It is a distinct branch of medicine from other medical specialties in that it is less dependent on random chance and has more direct, predictable consequences than many other health-related conditions.To become a licensed dental hygienist, you need to earn at least an associate degree from an accredited program and pass the National Board Dental Hygiene Examination. Licensing requirements vary by state.

Dental Hygiene

Dental hygiene is the practice of brushing and flossing your teeth as well as visiting the dentist for dental X-rays, exams and cleanings. Good oral hygiene can help prevent tooth decay, gum disease and bad breath (halitosis).

The mouth is full of germs but, with proper care, they usually stay under control. However, if germs get out of control, they can lead to serious problems like cavities and gum disease.

Dental Exams

Dental exams allow dentists to spot warning signs like tooth decay and gum disease before they become serious problems. They also help catch systemic diseases like rheumatoid arthritis or lupus that may show up as oral symptoms.

A full dental exam consists of a comprehensive evaluation of the teeth, gums, and jaw. It also includes oral cancer screenings and a set of dental X-rays. This helps the dentist devise a plan to keep you healthy and free of disease. A limited exam is similar but focuses on a single problem, such as toothache or a jaw clicking sound.

Dental Cleanings

Brushing and flossing are essential components of a good oral hygiene routine, but you also need to have your teeth professionally cleaned at least twice a year. A dental cleaning involves a dentist or hygienist removing plaque, tartar, and stains from your teeth, leaving them with a refreshed look and feel.

In addition to improving your smile, regular cleanings eliminate bacteria that can cause bad breath, reducing the risk of gum disease and tooth decay. They also help catch issues in their early stages, when they are often less complex and costly to treat.

Dental X-Rays

X-rays provide vital preventative and diagnostic information for dentists. They are a safe and effective way to observe hidden abnormalities in the teeth, gums, bones, or jaw.

Digital X-rays use electronic sensors instead of traditional film to capture the image. This technology allows for a more accurate reading, fewer retakes, and faster processing.

These images help dentists spot tooth decay, keep an eye on advanced gum disease, and observe impacted or developing teeth. They also allow for a better understanding of treatment options and outcomes for patients. In addition, the elimination of chemical processing and physical film reduces waste and environmental impact.

Dental Implants

Dental implants are tooth replacements that offer long-term benefits that improve appearance, speech, chewing, and oral health. They also prevent the bone loss that occurs when a natural tooth is missing.

A complete evaluation and treatment plan are necessary to determine if you are a candidate for implants. This typically involves a doctor who specializes in conditions of the mouth, jaw and face (oral and maxillofacial surgeon), a dentist who designs and fits artificial teeth (periodontist) or a prosthodontist.

Technological advances, such as 3D imaging technology, biocompatible materials, precision placement techniques, minimally invasive surgery and advanced healing methods and surface treatments, can help to ensure that dental implant restorations are more comfortable, stable and attractive.

Root Canals

Root canals are a way to save a tooth that is infected. The treatment removes the infected pulp from the tooth, disinfecting it and sealing it to prevent re-infection.

The tooth is kept dry and free from saliva during the procedure by covering it with a rubber dam. The dentist then drills an access hole into the tooth to remove bacteria, toxins, and decayed tissue. Irrigation with water or sodium hypochlorite is used to clean and disinfect the area.

Dental technology has helped to improve root canal treatments. Look for practices that offer advanced imaging systems and other advances that enhance diagnosis and treatment.

Extractions

If a tooth is severely decayed or damaged and root canal therapy (RCT) cannot cure it, extraction may be necessary. Tooth removal also helps prevent the spread of infection and improves chewing ability, speech clarity and smile aesthetics.

During simple extractions, the dentist or oral surgeon numbs the area with local anesthesia and then uses specialized instruments to elevate and grasp the visible portion of the tooth. Different shaped forceps are used to gently separate the tooth from the supporting alveolar bone.

Immediately after the procedure, it is important to avoid rinsing or spitting because this can disturb or dislodge the blood clot that forms in and protects the tooth socket. Over-the-counter pain medications and a diet of soft foods can help manage discomfort.